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adipose tissue progenitor isolation kit  (Miltenyi Biotec)


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    Structured Review

    Miltenyi Biotec adipose tissue progenitor isolation kit
    Adipose Tissue Progenitor Isolation Kit, supplied by Miltenyi Biotec, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 93/100, based on 34 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
    https://www.bioz.com/product/mouse+tissue/Adipose+Tissue+Progenitor+Isolation+Kit%2C+mouse/pm42494310-195-9-14
    Average 93 stars, based on 34 article reviews
    adipose tissue progenitor isolation kit - by Bioz Stars, 2026-10
    93/100 stars

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    Related Articles

    Isolation:

    Article Title: Mitochondria transfer-based therapies reduce the morbidity and mortality of Leigh syndrome.
    Article Snippet: Mitochondria transfer is a recently described phenomenon in which donor cells deliver mitochondria to acceptor cells.. One possible consequence of mitochondria transfer is energetic support of neighbouring cells; for example, exogenous healthy mitochondria can rescue cell-intrinsic defects in mitochondrial metabolism in cultured ρ cells or Ndufs4 peritoneal macrophages.. Exposing haematopoietic stem cells to purified mitochondria before autologous haematopoietic stem cell transplantation allowed for treatment of anaemia in patients with large-scale mitochondrial DNA mutations, and mitochondria transplantation was shown to minimize ischaemic damage to the heart, brain and limbs.

    Article Title: Keratins Modulate Cellular Reduction‒Oxidation Homeostasis and Mitochondrial Dynamics.
    Article Snippet: After washing, coverslips were dried and mounted in ProLong Gold Antifade mounting medium (Thermo Fisher Scientific). .. Mitochondria were isolated using Mitochondria Isolation Kit for mouse tissue (Miltenyi Biotec, Bergisch Gladbach, Germany) following the manufacturer’s instructions. ..

    Article Title: Mitochondrial translation termination, recycling, reinitiation, and rescue for in-frame and out-of-frame contexts
    Article Snippet: .. Then, mitochondrial purification was performed by immunoprecipitation with anti-TOM22 antibody-conjugated beads from a Mitochondria Isolation Kit, Human (Miltenyi Biotec) or a Mitochondria Isolation Kit, mouse tissue (Miltenyi Biotec). .. These spacer sequences were subsequently cloned and inserted into the pL-CRISPR.EFS.GFP (a gift from Benjamin Ebert, Addgene plasmid #57818; http://n2t.net/addgene:57818 ; RRID: Addgene_57818) and pL-CRISPR.EFS.tRFP (a gift from Benjamin Ebert, Addgene plasmid #57819; http://n2t.net/addgene:57819 ; RRID: Addgene_57819) .

    Article Title: Ejection of damaged mitochondria and their removal by macrophages ensure efficient thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue
    Article Snippet: Pre-Separation Filters (30 μm) , Miltenyi Biotec , Cat# 130–041-407. .. Mitochondria Isolation Kit, mouse tissue , Miltenyi Biotec , Cat# 130–096-946. .. RNeasy Lipid Tissue Mini Kit , Qiagen , Cat# 74804.

    Article Title: Intercellular Mitochondria Transfer to Macrophages Regulates White Adipose Tissue Homeostasis and Is Impaired in Obesity.
    Article Snippet: Expression of Ext1, Ext2, and Hs6st1 was measured using TaqMan assays on a 7500 fast real-time PCR machine (Applied Biosystems). .. Mitochondria Isolation Mitochondria were isolated using the Mitochondria Isolation Kit, Mouse Tissue (Miltenyi Biotec). mtDendra2 mice were euthanized, the right atrium was punctured, and the mouse was perfused with 10 mL PBS (sterile, ice-cold) via the left ventricle. ..

    Article Title: Purification of murine cortex mitochondria using a modified magnetic bead isolation method
    Article Snippet: .. Resource availability , Mitochondria Extraction Kit - Tissue | Miltenyi Biotec Mitochondria Isolation Kit, mouse tissue | Miltenyi Biotec gentleMACSTM Dissociator | Miltenyi Biotec MACS® MultiStand | Miltenyi Biotec LS Columns | Miltenyi Biotec. ..

    Article Title: Purification of murine cortex mitochondria using a modified magnetic bead isolation method
    Article Snippet: .. Mitochondria Extraction Kit – Tissue (Miltenyi Biotec, Cat#130-097-340) Mitochondria Isolation Kit, mouse tissue (Miltenyi Biotec, Cat130-096-946) Myelin Removal Beads II, human, mouse, rat (Miltenyi Biotec, Cat#130-096-433) Dulbecco’s PBS (1X), without Ca and Mg, without Phenol Red (Capricorn Scientific, Cat#PBS-1A) Roche cOmpleteTM, Mini, EDTA-free Protease Inhibitor Cocktail (Roche, Cat#11836170001) Bovine Serum Albumin heat shock fraction, pH 7, ≥ 98 % (Sigma-Aldrich, Cat#A7906) BioTracker 633 Red Mitochondria Dye (Sigma-Aldrich, Cat#SCT137) SuperSignalTM West Femto Maximum Sensitivity Substrate (Thermo Scientific, Cat#34096) PierceTM BCA Protein Assay Kit (Thermo Scientific, Cat#23227) .. anti-TOM20 (Translocase of outer mitochondrial membrane 20 homolog), rabbit recombinant monoclonal antibody (Proteintech, Cat#80501-1-RR), dilution 1:5000 anti-PMCA (Plasma membrane-type Ca 2+ -ATPase), mouse monoclonal antibody (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Cat#SC-271917), dilution 1:1000 anti-TfR (Human transferrin receptor), mouse polyclonal antibody (Thermo Fisher, Cat#13–6800), dilution 1:2000 anti-Thy1 (Thymus cell antigen 1, theta), rat polyclonal antibody (BD Biosciences, Cat#553000), dilution 1:1000 anti-SIGMAR1 (Sigma non-opioid intracellular receptor 1), rabbit polyclonal antibody (Proteintech, Cat#15168-1-AP), dilution 1:4000 anti-PDHA2 (Pyruvate dehydrogenase (lipoamide) alpha 2), rabbit polyclonal antibody (Proteintech, Cat#17134-1-AP), dilution 1:3000 anti-PEX3 (Peroxisomal biogenesis factor 3), rabbit polyclonal antibody (Proteintech, Cat#30,424-1-AP), dilution 1:750 anti-CALR (Calreticulin), rabbit polyclonal antibody (Proteintech, Cat#10,292-1-AP), dilution 1:1250

    Article Title: Astrocytic PI3Kα controls synaptic plasticity and cognitive function via serine metabolism
    Article Snippet: After centrifugation at 300× g for 5 min at 4°C, pellets were resuspended in Protease Inhibition Buffer supplemented with EDTA-free protease inhibitor cocktail (Roche, #05892791001) and dissociated with a GentleMACS tissue dissociator (Miltenyi Biotec, #130-093-235). .. Homogenates were centrifuged at 500× g for 5 min at 4°C and the supernatants containing mitochondria were purified as directed in the Mitochondria Isolation Kit, mouse tissue and the μMACS HA Isolation Kit (Miltenyi Biotec, #130-096-946 and #130-091-122). .. For magnetic labelling and isolation of the mitochondria, supernatants diluted in Separation Buffer were incubated with 50 μL of anti-HA Microbeads on a rotation wheel for 2 h at 4°C.

    Purification:

    Article Title: Mitochondrial translation termination, recycling, reinitiation, and rescue for in-frame and out-of-frame contexts
    Article Snippet: .. Then, mitochondrial purification was performed by immunoprecipitation with anti-TOM22 antibody-conjugated beads from a Mitochondria Isolation Kit, Human (Miltenyi Biotec) or a Mitochondria Isolation Kit, mouse tissue (Miltenyi Biotec). .. These spacer sequences were subsequently cloned and inserted into the pL-CRISPR.EFS.GFP (a gift from Benjamin Ebert, Addgene plasmid #57818; http://n2t.net/addgene:57818 ; RRID: Addgene_57818) and pL-CRISPR.EFS.tRFP (a gift from Benjamin Ebert, Addgene plasmid #57819; http://n2t.net/addgene:57819 ; RRID: Addgene_57819) .

    Article Title: Astrocytic PI3Kα controls synaptic plasticity and cognitive function via serine metabolism
    Article Snippet: After centrifugation at 300× g for 5 min at 4°C, pellets were resuspended in Protease Inhibition Buffer supplemented with EDTA-free protease inhibitor cocktail (Roche, #05892791001) and dissociated with a GentleMACS tissue dissociator (Miltenyi Biotec, #130-093-235). .. Homogenates were centrifuged at 500× g for 5 min at 4°C and the supernatants containing mitochondria were purified as directed in the Mitochondria Isolation Kit, mouse tissue and the μMACS HA Isolation Kit (Miltenyi Biotec, #130-096-946 and #130-091-122). .. For magnetic labelling and isolation of the mitochondria, supernatants diluted in Separation Buffer were incubated with 50 μL of anti-HA Microbeads on a rotation wheel for 2 h at 4°C.

    Immunoprecipitation:

    Article Title: Mitochondrial translation termination, recycling, reinitiation, and rescue for in-frame and out-of-frame contexts
    Article Snippet: .. Then, mitochondrial purification was performed by immunoprecipitation with anti-TOM22 antibody-conjugated beads from a Mitochondria Isolation Kit, Human (Miltenyi Biotec) or a Mitochondria Isolation Kit, mouse tissue (Miltenyi Biotec). .. These spacer sequences were subsequently cloned and inserted into the pL-CRISPR.EFS.GFP (a gift from Benjamin Ebert, Addgene plasmid #57818; http://n2t.net/addgene:57818 ; RRID: Addgene_57818) and pL-CRISPR.EFS.tRFP (a gift from Benjamin Ebert, Addgene plasmid #57819; http://n2t.net/addgene:57819 ; RRID: Addgene_57819) .

    Sterility:

    Article Title: Intercellular Mitochondria Transfer to Macrophages Regulates White Adipose Tissue Homeostasis and Is Impaired in Obesity.
    Article Snippet: Expression of Ext1, Ext2, and Hs6st1 was measured using TaqMan assays on a 7500 fast real-time PCR machine (Applied Biosystems). .. Mitochondria Isolation Mitochondria were isolated using the Mitochondria Isolation Kit, Mouse Tissue (Miltenyi Biotec). mtDendra2 mice were euthanized, the right atrium was punctured, and the mouse was perfused with 10 mL PBS (sterile, ice-cold) via the left ventricle. ..

    Extraction:

    Article Title: Purification of murine cortex mitochondria using a modified magnetic bead isolation method
    Article Snippet: .. Resource availability , Mitochondria Extraction Kit - Tissue | Miltenyi Biotec Mitochondria Isolation Kit, mouse tissue | Miltenyi Biotec gentleMACSTM Dissociator | Miltenyi Biotec MACS® MultiStand | Miltenyi Biotec LS Columns | Miltenyi Biotec. ..

    Article Title: Purification of murine cortex mitochondria using a modified magnetic bead isolation method
    Article Snippet: .. Mitochondria Extraction Kit – Tissue (Miltenyi Biotec, Cat#130-097-340) Mitochondria Isolation Kit, mouse tissue (Miltenyi Biotec, Cat130-096-946) Myelin Removal Beads II, human, mouse, rat (Miltenyi Biotec, Cat#130-096-433) Dulbecco’s PBS (1X), without Ca and Mg, without Phenol Red (Capricorn Scientific, Cat#PBS-1A) Roche cOmpleteTM, Mini, EDTA-free Protease Inhibitor Cocktail (Roche, Cat#11836170001) Bovine Serum Albumin heat shock fraction, pH 7, ≥ 98 % (Sigma-Aldrich, Cat#A7906) BioTracker 633 Red Mitochondria Dye (Sigma-Aldrich, Cat#SCT137) SuperSignalTM West Femto Maximum Sensitivity Substrate (Thermo Scientific, Cat#34096) PierceTM BCA Protein Assay Kit (Thermo Scientific, Cat#23227) .. anti-TOM20 (Translocase of outer mitochondrial membrane 20 homolog), rabbit recombinant monoclonal antibody (Proteintech, Cat#80501-1-RR), dilution 1:5000 anti-PMCA (Plasma membrane-type Ca 2+ -ATPase), mouse monoclonal antibody (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Cat#SC-271917), dilution 1:1000 anti-TfR (Human transferrin receptor), mouse polyclonal antibody (Thermo Fisher, Cat#13–6800), dilution 1:2000 anti-Thy1 (Thymus cell antigen 1, theta), rat polyclonal antibody (BD Biosciences, Cat#553000), dilution 1:1000 anti-SIGMAR1 (Sigma non-opioid intracellular receptor 1), rabbit polyclonal antibody (Proteintech, Cat#15168-1-AP), dilution 1:4000 anti-PDHA2 (Pyruvate dehydrogenase (lipoamide) alpha 2), rabbit polyclonal antibody (Proteintech, Cat#17134-1-AP), dilution 1:3000 anti-PEX3 (Peroxisomal biogenesis factor 3), rabbit polyclonal antibody (Proteintech, Cat#30,424-1-AP), dilution 1:750 anti-CALR (Calreticulin), rabbit polyclonal antibody (Proteintech, Cat#10,292-1-AP), dilution 1:1250

    Magnetic Cell Separation:

    Article Title: Purification of murine cortex mitochondria using a modified magnetic bead isolation method
    Article Snippet: .. Resource availability , Mitochondria Extraction Kit - Tissue | Miltenyi Biotec Mitochondria Isolation Kit, mouse tissue | Miltenyi Biotec gentleMACSTM Dissociator | Miltenyi Biotec MACS® MultiStand | Miltenyi Biotec LS Columns | Miltenyi Biotec. ..

    Protease Inhibitor:

    Article Title: Purification of murine cortex mitochondria using a modified magnetic bead isolation method
    Article Snippet: .. Mitochondria Extraction Kit – Tissue (Miltenyi Biotec, Cat#130-097-340) Mitochondria Isolation Kit, mouse tissue (Miltenyi Biotec, Cat130-096-946) Myelin Removal Beads II, human, mouse, rat (Miltenyi Biotec, Cat#130-096-433) Dulbecco’s PBS (1X), without Ca and Mg, without Phenol Red (Capricorn Scientific, Cat#PBS-1A) Roche cOmpleteTM, Mini, EDTA-free Protease Inhibitor Cocktail (Roche, Cat#11836170001) Bovine Serum Albumin heat shock fraction, pH 7, ≥ 98 % (Sigma-Aldrich, Cat#A7906) BioTracker 633 Red Mitochondria Dye (Sigma-Aldrich, Cat#SCT137) SuperSignalTM West Femto Maximum Sensitivity Substrate (Thermo Scientific, Cat#34096) PierceTM BCA Protein Assay Kit (Thermo Scientific, Cat#23227) .. anti-TOM20 (Translocase of outer mitochondrial membrane 20 homolog), rabbit recombinant monoclonal antibody (Proteintech, Cat#80501-1-RR), dilution 1:5000 anti-PMCA (Plasma membrane-type Ca 2+ -ATPase), mouse monoclonal antibody (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Cat#SC-271917), dilution 1:1000 anti-TfR (Human transferrin receptor), mouse polyclonal antibody (Thermo Fisher, Cat#13–6800), dilution 1:2000 anti-Thy1 (Thymus cell antigen 1, theta), rat polyclonal antibody (BD Biosciences, Cat#553000), dilution 1:1000 anti-SIGMAR1 (Sigma non-opioid intracellular receptor 1), rabbit polyclonal antibody (Proteintech, Cat#15168-1-AP), dilution 1:4000 anti-PDHA2 (Pyruvate dehydrogenase (lipoamide) alpha 2), rabbit polyclonal antibody (Proteintech, Cat#17134-1-AP), dilution 1:3000 anti-PEX3 (Peroxisomal biogenesis factor 3), rabbit polyclonal antibody (Proteintech, Cat#30,424-1-AP), dilution 1:750 anti-CALR (Calreticulin), rabbit polyclonal antibody (Proteintech, Cat#10,292-1-AP), dilution 1:1250

    Bicinchoninic Acid Protein Assay:

    Article Title: Purification of murine cortex mitochondria using a modified magnetic bead isolation method
    Article Snippet: .. Mitochondria Extraction Kit – Tissue (Miltenyi Biotec, Cat#130-097-340) Mitochondria Isolation Kit, mouse tissue (Miltenyi Biotec, Cat130-096-946) Myelin Removal Beads II, human, mouse, rat (Miltenyi Biotec, Cat#130-096-433) Dulbecco’s PBS (1X), without Ca and Mg, without Phenol Red (Capricorn Scientific, Cat#PBS-1A) Roche cOmpleteTM, Mini, EDTA-free Protease Inhibitor Cocktail (Roche, Cat#11836170001) Bovine Serum Albumin heat shock fraction, pH 7, ≥ 98 % (Sigma-Aldrich, Cat#A7906) BioTracker 633 Red Mitochondria Dye (Sigma-Aldrich, Cat#SCT137) SuperSignalTM West Femto Maximum Sensitivity Substrate (Thermo Scientific, Cat#34096) PierceTM BCA Protein Assay Kit (Thermo Scientific, Cat#23227) .. anti-TOM20 (Translocase of outer mitochondrial membrane 20 homolog), rabbit recombinant monoclonal antibody (Proteintech, Cat#80501-1-RR), dilution 1:5000 anti-PMCA (Plasma membrane-type Ca 2+ -ATPase), mouse monoclonal antibody (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Cat#SC-271917), dilution 1:1000 anti-TfR (Human transferrin receptor), mouse polyclonal antibody (Thermo Fisher, Cat#13–6800), dilution 1:2000 anti-Thy1 (Thymus cell antigen 1, theta), rat polyclonal antibody (BD Biosciences, Cat#553000), dilution 1:1000 anti-SIGMAR1 (Sigma non-opioid intracellular receptor 1), rabbit polyclonal antibody (Proteintech, Cat#15168-1-AP), dilution 1:4000 anti-PDHA2 (Pyruvate dehydrogenase (lipoamide) alpha 2), rabbit polyclonal antibody (Proteintech, Cat#17134-1-AP), dilution 1:3000 anti-PEX3 (Peroxisomal biogenesis factor 3), rabbit polyclonal antibody (Proteintech, Cat#30,424-1-AP), dilution 1:750 anti-CALR (Calreticulin), rabbit polyclonal antibody (Proteintech, Cat#10,292-1-AP), dilution 1:1250



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    (a) Strategy used to obtain Mpc2 knockout astrocytes in primary culture. Created with BioRender.com. (b) Representative Western blot showing MPC2 and MPC1 protein levels 4, 6 and 8 days after AdV-CMV-Cre transduction in immunomagnetically purified <t>mitochondria</t> from primary astrocytes; HSP60 was used as loading control. (c) RNA-Sequencing in WT and Mpc2-KO primary astrocytes. Selected genes are shown. n=3 biologically independent samples per genotype; Wald test with local fitting. (d) [U- 13 C]Glucose tracing in WT and Mpc2-KO primary astrocytes. Left : heatmap and right : molecular carbon labeling (MCL) quantification of the detected metabolites. Data are mean ± S.E.M. P values are indicated; n=3 biologically independent samples per genotype; Unpaired Student’s t -test, two-tailed. (e) Glycolytic flux in WT and Mpc2-KO primary astrocytes. Data are mean ± S.E.M. P value is indicated; n=4 biologically independent samples per genotype; Unpaired Welch’s t -test, two-tailed. Non-normalized values are 384.76 ± 118.84 nmol x h −1 x mg protein −1 for WT and 445.49 ± 140.60 nmol x h −1 x mg protein −1 for Mpc2-KO astrocytes. (f) Pyruvate decarboxylation flux at the PDH in WT and Mpc2-KO primary astrocytes. Data are mean ± S.E.M. P value is indicated; n=3 biologically independent samples per genotype; Unpaired Welch’s t -test, two-tailed. Non-normalized values are 146.09 ± 57.26 nmol x h −1 x mg protein −1 for WT and 93.56 ± 37.46 nmol x h −1 x mg protein −1 for Mpc2-KO astrocytes. (g) Pyruvate decarboxylation flux at the TCA cycle in WT and Mpc2-KO primary astrocytes. Data are mean ± S.E.M. P value is indicated; n=5 biologically independent samples per genotype; Unpaired Welch’s t -test, two-tailed. Non-normalized values are 26.52 ± 5.65 nmol x h −1 x mg protein −1 for WT and 16.05 ± 3.05 nmol x h −1 x mg protein − 1 for Mpc2-KO astrocytes. (h) Alanine decarboxylation flux at the PDH in WT and Mpc2-KO primary astrocytes. Data are mean ± S.E.M. P value is indicated; n=3 biologically independent samples per genotype; Unpaired Welch’s t -test, two-tailed. Non-normalized values are 11.51 ± 2.18 nmol x h −1 x mg protein −1 for WT and 18.33 ± 3.12 nmol x h −1 x mg protein −1 for Mpc2-KO astrocytes. (i) Acetate decarboxylation flux at the TCA cycle in WT and Mpc2-KO primary astrocytes. Data are mean ± S.E.M. P value is indicated; n=3 biologically independent samples per genotype; Unpaired Welch’s t -test, two-tailed. Non-normalized values are 5.79 ± 1.90 nmol x h −1 x mg protein −1 for WT and 2.37 ± 0.51 nmol x h −1 x mg protein −1 for Mpc2-KO astrocytes. (j) Oxygen consumption rate (OCR) analysis in WT and Mpc2-KO primary astrocytes. Left : OCR traces; right : quantifications of basal respiration, maximal respiration and spare respiratory capacity. Data are mean ± S.E.M. P values are indicated; n=3 biologically independent samples per genotype; Unpaired Student’s t -test, two-tailed. (k) Analysis of the mitochondrial respiratory chain complex III superassembly. Left : Blue-native gel electrophoresis images showing complex III (CIII) containing supercomplexes (SC-CIII) and free CIII in WT and Mpc2-KO astrocytes. Right : Quantification of SC versus free CIII. Data are mean ± S.E.M. P value is indicated; n=4 biologically independent samples per genotype; Unpaired Student’s t -test, two-tailed.
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    (a) Strategy used to obtain Mpc2 knockout astrocytes in primary culture. Created with BioRender.com. (b) Representative Western blot showing MPC2 and MPC1 protein levels 4, 6 and 8 days after AdV-CMV-Cre transduction in immunomagnetically purified <t>mitochondria</t> from primary astrocytes; HSP60 was used as loading control. (c) RNA-Sequencing in WT and Mpc2-KO primary astrocytes. Selected genes are shown. n=3 biologically independent samples per genotype; Wald test with local fitting. (d) [U- 13 C]Glucose tracing in WT and Mpc2-KO primary astrocytes. Left : heatmap and right : molecular carbon labeling (MCL) quantification of the detected metabolites. Data are mean ± S.E.M. P values are indicated; n=3 biologically independent samples per genotype; Unpaired Student’s t -test, two-tailed. (e) Glycolytic flux in WT and Mpc2-KO primary astrocytes. Data are mean ± S.E.M. P value is indicated; n=4 biologically independent samples per genotype; Unpaired Welch’s t -test, two-tailed. Non-normalized values are 384.76 ± 118.84 nmol x h −1 x mg protein −1 for WT and 445.49 ± 140.60 nmol x h −1 x mg protein −1 for Mpc2-KO astrocytes. (f) Pyruvate decarboxylation flux at the PDH in WT and Mpc2-KO primary astrocytes. Data are mean ± S.E.M. P value is indicated; n=3 biologically independent samples per genotype; Unpaired Welch’s t -test, two-tailed. Non-normalized values are 146.09 ± 57.26 nmol x h −1 x mg protein −1 for WT and 93.56 ± 37.46 nmol x h −1 x mg protein −1 for Mpc2-KO astrocytes. (g) Pyruvate decarboxylation flux at the TCA cycle in WT and Mpc2-KO primary astrocytes. Data are mean ± S.E.M. P value is indicated; n=5 biologically independent samples per genotype; Unpaired Welch’s t -test, two-tailed. Non-normalized values are 26.52 ± 5.65 nmol x h −1 x mg protein −1 for WT and 16.05 ± 3.05 nmol x h −1 x mg protein − 1 for Mpc2-KO astrocytes. (h) Alanine decarboxylation flux at the PDH in WT and Mpc2-KO primary astrocytes. Data are mean ± S.E.M. P value is indicated; n=3 biologically independent samples per genotype; Unpaired Welch’s t -test, two-tailed. Non-normalized values are 11.51 ± 2.18 nmol x h −1 x mg protein −1 for WT and 18.33 ± 3.12 nmol x h −1 x mg protein −1 for Mpc2-KO astrocytes. (i) Acetate decarboxylation flux at the TCA cycle in WT and Mpc2-KO primary astrocytes. Data are mean ± S.E.M. P value is indicated; n=3 biologically independent samples per genotype; Unpaired Welch’s t -test, two-tailed. Non-normalized values are 5.79 ± 1.90 nmol x h −1 x mg protein −1 for WT and 2.37 ± 0.51 nmol x h −1 x mg protein −1 for Mpc2-KO astrocytes. (j) Oxygen consumption rate (OCR) analysis in WT and Mpc2-KO primary astrocytes. Left : OCR traces; right : quantifications of basal respiration, maximal respiration and spare respiratory capacity. Data are mean ± S.E.M. P values are indicated; n=3 biologically independent samples per genotype; Unpaired Student’s t -test, two-tailed. (k) Analysis of the mitochondrial respiratory chain complex III superassembly. Left : Blue-native gel electrophoresis images showing complex III (CIII) containing supercomplexes (SC-CIII) and free CIII in WT and Mpc2-KO astrocytes. Right : Quantification of SC versus free CIII. Data are mean ± S.E.M. P value is indicated; n=4 biologically independent samples per genotype; Unpaired Student’s t -test, two-tailed.
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    10X Genomics mouse tissue atlassing gene panel
    (a) Strategy used to obtain Mpc2 knockout astrocytes in primary culture. Created with BioRender.com. (b) Representative Western blot showing MPC2 and MPC1 protein levels 4, 6 and 8 days after AdV-CMV-Cre transduction in immunomagnetically purified <t>mitochondria</t> from primary astrocytes; HSP60 was used as loading control. (c) RNA-Sequencing in WT and Mpc2-KO primary astrocytes. Selected genes are shown. n=3 biologically independent samples per genotype; Wald test with local fitting. (d) [U- 13 C]Glucose tracing in WT and Mpc2-KO primary astrocytes. Left : heatmap and right : molecular carbon labeling (MCL) quantification of the detected metabolites. Data are mean ± S.E.M. P values are indicated; n=3 biologically independent samples per genotype; Unpaired Student’s t -test, two-tailed. (e) Glycolytic flux in WT and Mpc2-KO primary astrocytes. Data are mean ± S.E.M. P value is indicated; n=4 biologically independent samples per genotype; Unpaired Welch’s t -test, two-tailed. Non-normalized values are 384.76 ± 118.84 nmol x h −1 x mg protein −1 for WT and 445.49 ± 140.60 nmol x h −1 x mg protein −1 for Mpc2-KO astrocytes. (f) Pyruvate decarboxylation flux at the PDH in WT and Mpc2-KO primary astrocytes. Data are mean ± S.E.M. P value is indicated; n=3 biologically independent samples per genotype; Unpaired Welch’s t -test, two-tailed. Non-normalized values are 146.09 ± 57.26 nmol x h −1 x mg protein −1 for WT and 93.56 ± 37.46 nmol x h −1 x mg protein −1 for Mpc2-KO astrocytes. (g) Pyruvate decarboxylation flux at the TCA cycle in WT and Mpc2-KO primary astrocytes. Data are mean ± S.E.M. P value is indicated; n=5 biologically independent samples per genotype; Unpaired Welch’s t -test, two-tailed. Non-normalized values are 26.52 ± 5.65 nmol x h −1 x mg protein −1 for WT and 16.05 ± 3.05 nmol x h −1 x mg protein − 1 for Mpc2-KO astrocytes. (h) Alanine decarboxylation flux at the PDH in WT and Mpc2-KO primary astrocytes. Data are mean ± S.E.M. P value is indicated; n=3 biologically independent samples per genotype; Unpaired Welch’s t -test, two-tailed. Non-normalized values are 11.51 ± 2.18 nmol x h −1 x mg protein −1 for WT and 18.33 ± 3.12 nmol x h −1 x mg protein −1 for Mpc2-KO astrocytes. (i) Acetate decarboxylation flux at the TCA cycle in WT and Mpc2-KO primary astrocytes. Data are mean ± S.E.M. P value is indicated; n=3 biologically independent samples per genotype; Unpaired Welch’s t -test, two-tailed. Non-normalized values are 5.79 ± 1.90 nmol x h −1 x mg protein −1 for WT and 2.37 ± 0.51 nmol x h −1 x mg protein −1 for Mpc2-KO astrocytes. (j) Oxygen consumption rate (OCR) analysis in WT and Mpc2-KO primary astrocytes. Left : OCR traces; right : quantifications of basal respiration, maximal respiration and spare respiratory capacity. Data are mean ± S.E.M. P values are indicated; n=3 biologically independent samples per genotype; Unpaired Student’s t -test, two-tailed. (k) Analysis of the mitochondrial respiratory chain complex III superassembly. Left : Blue-native gel electrophoresis images showing complex III (CIII) containing supercomplexes (SC-CIII) and free CIII in WT and Mpc2-KO astrocytes. Right : Quantification of SC versus free CIII. Data are mean ± S.E.M. P value is indicated; n=4 biologically independent samples per genotype; Unpaired Student’s t -test, two-tailed.
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    Nichirei Biosciences mouse tissue
    (a) Strategy used to obtain Mpc2 knockout astrocytes in primary culture. Created with BioRender.com. (b) Representative Western blot showing MPC2 and MPC1 protein levels 4, 6 and 8 days after AdV-CMV-Cre transduction in immunomagnetically purified <t>mitochondria</t> from primary astrocytes; HSP60 was used as loading control. (c) RNA-Sequencing in WT and Mpc2-KO primary astrocytes. Selected genes are shown. n=3 biologically independent samples per genotype; Wald test with local fitting. (d) [U- 13 C]Glucose tracing in WT and Mpc2-KO primary astrocytes. Left : heatmap and right : molecular carbon labeling (MCL) quantification of the detected metabolites. Data are mean ± S.E.M. P values are indicated; n=3 biologically independent samples per genotype; Unpaired Student’s t -test, two-tailed. (e) Glycolytic flux in WT and Mpc2-KO primary astrocytes. Data are mean ± S.E.M. P value is indicated; n=4 biologically independent samples per genotype; Unpaired Welch’s t -test, two-tailed. Non-normalized values are 384.76 ± 118.84 nmol x h −1 x mg protein −1 for WT and 445.49 ± 140.60 nmol x h −1 x mg protein −1 for Mpc2-KO astrocytes. (f) Pyruvate decarboxylation flux at the PDH in WT and Mpc2-KO primary astrocytes. Data are mean ± S.E.M. P value is indicated; n=3 biologically independent samples per genotype; Unpaired Welch’s t -test, two-tailed. Non-normalized values are 146.09 ± 57.26 nmol x h −1 x mg protein −1 for WT and 93.56 ± 37.46 nmol x h −1 x mg protein −1 for Mpc2-KO astrocytes. (g) Pyruvate decarboxylation flux at the TCA cycle in WT and Mpc2-KO primary astrocytes. Data are mean ± S.E.M. P value is indicated; n=5 biologically independent samples per genotype; Unpaired Welch’s t -test, two-tailed. Non-normalized values are 26.52 ± 5.65 nmol x h −1 x mg protein −1 for WT and 16.05 ± 3.05 nmol x h −1 x mg protein − 1 for Mpc2-KO astrocytes. (h) Alanine decarboxylation flux at the PDH in WT and Mpc2-KO primary astrocytes. Data are mean ± S.E.M. P value is indicated; n=3 biologically independent samples per genotype; Unpaired Welch’s t -test, two-tailed. Non-normalized values are 11.51 ± 2.18 nmol x h −1 x mg protein −1 for WT and 18.33 ± 3.12 nmol x h −1 x mg protein −1 for Mpc2-KO astrocytes. (i) Acetate decarboxylation flux at the TCA cycle in WT and Mpc2-KO primary astrocytes. Data are mean ± S.E.M. P value is indicated; n=3 biologically independent samples per genotype; Unpaired Welch’s t -test, two-tailed. Non-normalized values are 5.79 ± 1.90 nmol x h −1 x mg protein −1 for WT and 2.37 ± 0.51 nmol x h −1 x mg protein −1 for Mpc2-KO astrocytes. (j) Oxygen consumption rate (OCR) analysis in WT and Mpc2-KO primary astrocytes. Left : OCR traces; right : quantifications of basal respiration, maximal respiration and spare respiratory capacity. Data are mean ± S.E.M. P values are indicated; n=3 biologically independent samples per genotype; Unpaired Student’s t -test, two-tailed. (k) Analysis of the mitochondrial respiratory chain complex III superassembly. Left : Blue-native gel electrophoresis images showing complex III (CIII) containing supercomplexes (SC-CIII) and free CIII in WT and Mpc2-KO astrocytes. Right : Quantification of SC versus free CIII. Data are mean ± S.E.M. P value is indicated; n=4 biologically independent samples per genotype; Unpaired Student’s t -test, two-tailed.
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    Janvier Labs tissue collection female dba 1 mice
    (a) Strategy used to obtain Mpc2 knockout astrocytes in primary culture. Created with BioRender.com. (b) Representative Western blot showing MPC2 and MPC1 protein levels 4, 6 and 8 days after AdV-CMV-Cre transduction in immunomagnetically purified <t>mitochondria</t> from primary astrocytes; HSP60 was used as loading control. (c) RNA-Sequencing in WT and Mpc2-KO primary astrocytes. Selected genes are shown. n=3 biologically independent samples per genotype; Wald test with local fitting. (d) [U- 13 C]Glucose tracing in WT and Mpc2-KO primary astrocytes. Left : heatmap and right : molecular carbon labeling (MCL) quantification of the detected metabolites. Data are mean ± S.E.M. P values are indicated; n=3 biologically independent samples per genotype; Unpaired Student’s t -test, two-tailed. (e) Glycolytic flux in WT and Mpc2-KO primary astrocytes. Data are mean ± S.E.M. P value is indicated; n=4 biologically independent samples per genotype; Unpaired Welch’s t -test, two-tailed. Non-normalized values are 384.76 ± 118.84 nmol x h −1 x mg protein −1 for WT and 445.49 ± 140.60 nmol x h −1 x mg protein −1 for Mpc2-KO astrocytes. (f) Pyruvate decarboxylation flux at the PDH in WT and Mpc2-KO primary astrocytes. Data are mean ± S.E.M. P value is indicated; n=3 biologically independent samples per genotype; Unpaired Welch’s t -test, two-tailed. Non-normalized values are 146.09 ± 57.26 nmol x h −1 x mg protein −1 for WT and 93.56 ± 37.46 nmol x h −1 x mg protein −1 for Mpc2-KO astrocytes. (g) Pyruvate decarboxylation flux at the TCA cycle in WT and Mpc2-KO primary astrocytes. Data are mean ± S.E.M. P value is indicated; n=5 biologically independent samples per genotype; Unpaired Welch’s t -test, two-tailed. Non-normalized values are 26.52 ± 5.65 nmol x h −1 x mg protein −1 for WT and 16.05 ± 3.05 nmol x h −1 x mg protein − 1 for Mpc2-KO astrocytes. (h) Alanine decarboxylation flux at the PDH in WT and Mpc2-KO primary astrocytes. Data are mean ± S.E.M. P value is indicated; n=3 biologically independent samples per genotype; Unpaired Welch’s t -test, two-tailed. Non-normalized values are 11.51 ± 2.18 nmol x h −1 x mg protein −1 for WT and 18.33 ± 3.12 nmol x h −1 x mg protein −1 for Mpc2-KO astrocytes. (i) Acetate decarboxylation flux at the TCA cycle in WT and Mpc2-KO primary astrocytes. Data are mean ± S.E.M. P value is indicated; n=3 biologically independent samples per genotype; Unpaired Welch’s t -test, two-tailed. Non-normalized values are 5.79 ± 1.90 nmol x h −1 x mg protein −1 for WT and 2.37 ± 0.51 nmol x h −1 x mg protein −1 for Mpc2-KO astrocytes. (j) Oxygen consumption rate (OCR) analysis in WT and Mpc2-KO primary astrocytes. Left : OCR traces; right : quantifications of basal respiration, maximal respiration and spare respiratory capacity. Data are mean ± S.E.M. P values are indicated; n=3 biologically independent samples per genotype; Unpaired Student’s t -test, two-tailed. (k) Analysis of the mitochondrial respiratory chain complex III superassembly. Left : Blue-native gel electrophoresis images showing complex III (CIII) containing supercomplexes (SC-CIII) and free CIII in WT and Mpc2-KO astrocytes. Right : Quantification of SC versus free CIII. Data are mean ± S.E.M. P value is indicated; n=4 biologically independent samples per genotype; Unpaired Student’s t -test, two-tailed.
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    (a) Strategy used to obtain Mpc2 knockout astrocytes in primary culture. Created with BioRender.com. (b) Representative Western blot showing MPC2 and MPC1 protein levels 4, 6 and 8 days after AdV-CMV-Cre transduction in immunomagnetically purified mitochondria from primary astrocytes; HSP60 was used as loading control. (c) RNA-Sequencing in WT and Mpc2-KO primary astrocytes. Selected genes are shown. n=3 biologically independent samples per genotype; Wald test with local fitting. (d) [U- 13 C]Glucose tracing in WT and Mpc2-KO primary astrocytes. Left : heatmap and right : molecular carbon labeling (MCL) quantification of the detected metabolites. Data are mean ± S.E.M. P values are indicated; n=3 biologically independent samples per genotype; Unpaired Student’s t -test, two-tailed. (e) Glycolytic flux in WT and Mpc2-KO primary astrocytes. Data are mean ± S.E.M. P value is indicated; n=4 biologically independent samples per genotype; Unpaired Welch’s t -test, two-tailed. Non-normalized values are 384.76 ± 118.84 nmol x h −1 x mg protein −1 for WT and 445.49 ± 140.60 nmol x h −1 x mg protein −1 for Mpc2-KO astrocytes. (f) Pyruvate decarboxylation flux at the PDH in WT and Mpc2-KO primary astrocytes. Data are mean ± S.E.M. P value is indicated; n=3 biologically independent samples per genotype; Unpaired Welch’s t -test, two-tailed. Non-normalized values are 146.09 ± 57.26 nmol x h −1 x mg protein −1 for WT and 93.56 ± 37.46 nmol x h −1 x mg protein −1 for Mpc2-KO astrocytes. (g) Pyruvate decarboxylation flux at the TCA cycle in WT and Mpc2-KO primary astrocytes. Data are mean ± S.E.M. P value is indicated; n=5 biologically independent samples per genotype; Unpaired Welch’s t -test, two-tailed. Non-normalized values are 26.52 ± 5.65 nmol x h −1 x mg protein −1 for WT and 16.05 ± 3.05 nmol x h −1 x mg protein − 1 for Mpc2-KO astrocytes. (h) Alanine decarboxylation flux at the PDH in WT and Mpc2-KO primary astrocytes. Data are mean ± S.E.M. P value is indicated; n=3 biologically independent samples per genotype; Unpaired Welch’s t -test, two-tailed. Non-normalized values are 11.51 ± 2.18 nmol x h −1 x mg protein −1 for WT and 18.33 ± 3.12 nmol x h −1 x mg protein −1 for Mpc2-KO astrocytes. (i) Acetate decarboxylation flux at the TCA cycle in WT and Mpc2-KO primary astrocytes. Data are mean ± S.E.M. P value is indicated; n=3 biologically independent samples per genotype; Unpaired Welch’s t -test, two-tailed. Non-normalized values are 5.79 ± 1.90 nmol x h −1 x mg protein −1 for WT and 2.37 ± 0.51 nmol x h −1 x mg protein −1 for Mpc2-KO astrocytes. (j) Oxygen consumption rate (OCR) analysis in WT and Mpc2-KO primary astrocytes. Left : OCR traces; right : quantifications of basal respiration, maximal respiration and spare respiratory capacity. Data are mean ± S.E.M. P values are indicated; n=3 biologically independent samples per genotype; Unpaired Student’s t -test, two-tailed. (k) Analysis of the mitochondrial respiratory chain complex III superassembly. Left : Blue-native gel electrophoresis images showing complex III (CIII) containing supercomplexes (SC-CIII) and free CIII in WT and Mpc2-KO astrocytes. Right : Quantification of SC versus free CIII. Data are mean ± S.E.M. P value is indicated; n=4 biologically independent samples per genotype; Unpaired Student’s t -test, two-tailed.

    Journal: bioRxiv

    Article Title: Mitochondrial pyruvate import in astrocytes links anaplerosis to seizure resistance

    doi: 10.64898/2026.07.04.736458

    Figure Lengend Snippet: (a) Strategy used to obtain Mpc2 knockout astrocytes in primary culture. Created with BioRender.com. (b) Representative Western blot showing MPC2 and MPC1 protein levels 4, 6 and 8 days after AdV-CMV-Cre transduction in immunomagnetically purified mitochondria from primary astrocytes; HSP60 was used as loading control. (c) RNA-Sequencing in WT and Mpc2-KO primary astrocytes. Selected genes are shown. n=3 biologically independent samples per genotype; Wald test with local fitting. (d) [U- 13 C]Glucose tracing in WT and Mpc2-KO primary astrocytes. Left : heatmap and right : molecular carbon labeling (MCL) quantification of the detected metabolites. Data are mean ± S.E.M. P values are indicated; n=3 biologically independent samples per genotype; Unpaired Student’s t -test, two-tailed. (e) Glycolytic flux in WT and Mpc2-KO primary astrocytes. Data are mean ± S.E.M. P value is indicated; n=4 biologically independent samples per genotype; Unpaired Welch’s t -test, two-tailed. Non-normalized values are 384.76 ± 118.84 nmol x h −1 x mg protein −1 for WT and 445.49 ± 140.60 nmol x h −1 x mg protein −1 for Mpc2-KO astrocytes. (f) Pyruvate decarboxylation flux at the PDH in WT and Mpc2-KO primary astrocytes. Data are mean ± S.E.M. P value is indicated; n=3 biologically independent samples per genotype; Unpaired Welch’s t -test, two-tailed. Non-normalized values are 146.09 ± 57.26 nmol x h −1 x mg protein −1 for WT and 93.56 ± 37.46 nmol x h −1 x mg protein −1 for Mpc2-KO astrocytes. (g) Pyruvate decarboxylation flux at the TCA cycle in WT and Mpc2-KO primary astrocytes. Data are mean ± S.E.M. P value is indicated; n=5 biologically independent samples per genotype; Unpaired Welch’s t -test, two-tailed. Non-normalized values are 26.52 ± 5.65 nmol x h −1 x mg protein −1 for WT and 16.05 ± 3.05 nmol x h −1 x mg protein − 1 for Mpc2-KO astrocytes. (h) Alanine decarboxylation flux at the PDH in WT and Mpc2-KO primary astrocytes. Data are mean ± S.E.M. P value is indicated; n=3 biologically independent samples per genotype; Unpaired Welch’s t -test, two-tailed. Non-normalized values are 11.51 ± 2.18 nmol x h −1 x mg protein −1 for WT and 18.33 ± 3.12 nmol x h −1 x mg protein −1 for Mpc2-KO astrocytes. (i) Acetate decarboxylation flux at the TCA cycle in WT and Mpc2-KO primary astrocytes. Data are mean ± S.E.M. P value is indicated; n=3 biologically independent samples per genotype; Unpaired Welch’s t -test, two-tailed. Non-normalized values are 5.79 ± 1.90 nmol x h −1 x mg protein −1 for WT and 2.37 ± 0.51 nmol x h −1 x mg protein −1 for Mpc2-KO astrocytes. (j) Oxygen consumption rate (OCR) analysis in WT and Mpc2-KO primary astrocytes. Left : OCR traces; right : quantifications of basal respiration, maximal respiration and spare respiratory capacity. Data are mean ± S.E.M. P values are indicated; n=3 biologically independent samples per genotype; Unpaired Student’s t -test, two-tailed. (k) Analysis of the mitochondrial respiratory chain complex III superassembly. Left : Blue-native gel electrophoresis images showing complex III (CIII) containing supercomplexes (SC-CIII) and free CIII in WT and Mpc2-KO astrocytes. Right : Quantification of SC versus free CIII. Data are mean ± S.E.M. P value is indicated; n=4 biologically independent samples per genotype; Unpaired Student’s t -test, two-tailed.

    Article Snippet: Immunomagnetic mitochondrial isolation was performed using the mitochondria isolation kit, mouse tissue (130-096-946, Miltenyi Biotec).

    Techniques: Knock-Out, Western Blot, Transduction, Purification, Control, RNA Sequencing, Labeling, Two Tailed Test, Nucleic Acid Electrophoresis

    (a) Quantifications of Western blot against MPC2 and MPC1 proteins at 4, 6 and 8 days after AdV-CMV-Cre transduction in immunomagnetically purified mitochondria from primary astrocytes. Data are mean ± S.E.M. P values are indicated; n=3 biologically independent samples per genotype; Two-way ANOVA followed by Šidák. (b) Glutamine-dependent basal respiration in WT and Mpc2-KO primary astrocytes. Left : OCR traces; right : quantification of glutamine use. Data are mean ± S.E.M. P value is indicated; n=3 biologically independent samples per genotype; Unpaired Student’s t -test, two-tailed. (c) Glutamine decarboxylation flux in WT and Mpc2-KO primary astrocytes. Data are mean ± S.E.M. P value is indicated; n=3 biologically independent samples per genotype; Unpaired Welch’s t -test, two-tailed. Non-normalized values are 185.62 ± 13.44 nmol x h − 1 x mg protein −1 for WT and 179.64 ± 12.21 nmol x h −1 x mg protein −1 for Gfap-Mpc2-KO astrocytes. (d) Glutamate decarboxylation flux in WT and Mpc2-KO primary astrocytes. Left: 13 CO2 detected levels after 1, 3 and 6 hours of incubation. Right : quantification of glutamate decarboxylation flux. Data are mean ± S.E.M. P value is indicated; n=4 biologically independent samples per genotype; Unpaired Student’s t -test, two-tailed. (e) Western blot against PDHA1 and pPDHA1 proteins in WT and Gfap-Mpc2-KO primary astrocytes; GAPDH was used as loading control ( left ). Quantification of PDHA1 and pPDHA1 proteins relative to GAPDH ( right ). Data are mean ± S.E.M. P values are indicated; n=4 biologically independent samples per genotype; Unpaired Student’s t -test, two-tailed. (f) Pyruvate-dependent basal respiration in WT and Mpc2-KO primary astrocytes. Left : OCR traces; right : quantification of pyruvate use. Data are mean ± S.E.M. P value is indicated; n=3 biologically independent samples per genotype; Unpaired Student’s t -test, two-tailed. (g) Mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) levels in WT and Mpc2-KO primary astrocytes. Data are mean ± S.E.M. P value is indicated; n=3 biologically independent samples per genotype; Unpaired Student’s t -test, two-tailed. (h) Mitochondrial ROS (mROS) levels in WT and Mpc2-KO primary astrocytes. Data are mean ± S.E.M. P value is indicated; n=3 biologically independent samples per genotype; Unpaired Welch’s t -test, two-tailed. (i) NAD + /NADH(H + ) ratio in WT and Mpc2-KO primary astrocytes. Data are mean ± S.E.M. P value is indicated; n=3 biologically independent samples per genotype; Unpaired Student’s t -test, two-tailed. (j) Succinate-dependent mitochondrial respiration in WT and Mpc2-KO primary astrocytes. Left : OCR traces; right : quantification of basal respiration, maximal respiration and spare respiratory capacity; right, insets : succinate contribution to each metabolic parameter. Data are mean ± S.E.M. P values are indicated; n=4 biologically independent samples per genotype; Two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey or Unpaired Student’s t -test, two-tailed.

    Journal: bioRxiv

    Article Title: Mitochondrial pyruvate import in astrocytes links anaplerosis to seizure resistance

    doi: 10.64898/2026.07.04.736458

    Figure Lengend Snippet: (a) Quantifications of Western blot against MPC2 and MPC1 proteins at 4, 6 and 8 days after AdV-CMV-Cre transduction in immunomagnetically purified mitochondria from primary astrocytes. Data are mean ± S.E.M. P values are indicated; n=3 biologically independent samples per genotype; Two-way ANOVA followed by Šidák. (b) Glutamine-dependent basal respiration in WT and Mpc2-KO primary astrocytes. Left : OCR traces; right : quantification of glutamine use. Data are mean ± S.E.M. P value is indicated; n=3 biologically independent samples per genotype; Unpaired Student’s t -test, two-tailed. (c) Glutamine decarboxylation flux in WT and Mpc2-KO primary astrocytes. Data are mean ± S.E.M. P value is indicated; n=3 biologically independent samples per genotype; Unpaired Welch’s t -test, two-tailed. Non-normalized values are 185.62 ± 13.44 nmol x h − 1 x mg protein −1 for WT and 179.64 ± 12.21 nmol x h −1 x mg protein −1 for Gfap-Mpc2-KO astrocytes. (d) Glutamate decarboxylation flux in WT and Mpc2-KO primary astrocytes. Left: 13 CO2 detected levels after 1, 3 and 6 hours of incubation. Right : quantification of glutamate decarboxylation flux. Data are mean ± S.E.M. P value is indicated; n=4 biologically independent samples per genotype; Unpaired Student’s t -test, two-tailed. (e) Western blot against PDHA1 and pPDHA1 proteins in WT and Gfap-Mpc2-KO primary astrocytes; GAPDH was used as loading control ( left ). Quantification of PDHA1 and pPDHA1 proteins relative to GAPDH ( right ). Data are mean ± S.E.M. P values are indicated; n=4 biologically independent samples per genotype; Unpaired Student’s t -test, two-tailed. (f) Pyruvate-dependent basal respiration in WT and Mpc2-KO primary astrocytes. Left : OCR traces; right : quantification of pyruvate use. Data are mean ± S.E.M. P value is indicated; n=3 biologically independent samples per genotype; Unpaired Student’s t -test, two-tailed. (g) Mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) levels in WT and Mpc2-KO primary astrocytes. Data are mean ± S.E.M. P value is indicated; n=3 biologically independent samples per genotype; Unpaired Student’s t -test, two-tailed. (h) Mitochondrial ROS (mROS) levels in WT and Mpc2-KO primary astrocytes. Data are mean ± S.E.M. P value is indicated; n=3 biologically independent samples per genotype; Unpaired Welch’s t -test, two-tailed. (i) NAD + /NADH(H + ) ratio in WT and Mpc2-KO primary astrocytes. Data are mean ± S.E.M. P value is indicated; n=3 biologically independent samples per genotype; Unpaired Student’s t -test, two-tailed. (j) Succinate-dependent mitochondrial respiration in WT and Mpc2-KO primary astrocytes. Left : OCR traces; right : quantification of basal respiration, maximal respiration and spare respiratory capacity; right, insets : succinate contribution to each metabolic parameter. Data are mean ± S.E.M. P values are indicated; n=4 biologically independent samples per genotype; Two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey or Unpaired Student’s t -test, two-tailed.

    Article Snippet: Immunomagnetic mitochondrial isolation was performed using the mitochondria isolation kit, mouse tissue (130-096-946, Miltenyi Biotec).

    Techniques: Western Blot, Transduction, Purification, Two Tailed Test, Incubation, Control, Membrane